Shock

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Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body does not receive enough blood flow. This leads to insufficient oxygen and nutrition in vital organs. If it is not treated quickly, it can result in organ failure and other complications.

Types of Shock

There are four types of shock based on its underlying causes.

  1. Hypovolemic shock: It occurs when the body loses too much blood or fluid, resulting in a decrease in blood volume and inadequate circulation in organs. Examples include severe dehydration and blood loss from severe injuries.
  2. Cardiogenic Shock: It results when the heart can’t pump enough blood and oxygen to the vital organs because of heart attack or heart failure.
  3. Obstructive Shock: It occurs when a physical obstruction prevents blood from circulating to the vital organs. It is caused by tension pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade.
  4. Distributive Shock: Blood vessel dilation leads to low blood pressure and compromises oxygen delivery to the tissues. (eg, septic shock, anaphylactic shock, neurogenic shock).

Symptoms

These are the common symptoms of shock.

  1. Low blood pressure
  2. Rapid pulse
  3. Cold and pale skin
  4. Decrease Urine output
  5. Weak mental status (unconsciousness, anxiety, confusion)
  6. Rapid breathing

Treatments

  • Call Emergency Medical Services (911) Immediately: If the situation is critical, seek professional help immediately.
  • Ensure Safety & Comfort: Move the victim to a safe environment and keep them warm with a blanket or clothing to prevent hypothermia.
  • Check for Responsiveness & Breathing: If the victim is unconscious but breathing, place them in the recovery position, and if they are not, then perform CPR immediately or wait for medical help.
  • Monitor & Support: Keep the person calm and try to give positive support to the victim.

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